Land Water Balance Analysis for Determining Potato Cropping Patterns and Planting Schedules in Pasuruan Region

Naufal Ilham Habibi; Ania Maulidiah Nisa

doi:10.69606/geography.v4i2.495

Authors

Naufal Ilham Habibi Department of Climatology, Indonesia of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, Indonesia
Ania Maulidiah Nisa Department of Climatology, Indonesia of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69606/geography.v4i2.495

Keywords:

land water balance, planting schedule, potatoe, Thornthwaite-Mather, Pasuruan

Abstract

Pasuruan Regency, with 213,686 farmers and a population growth rate of 0.4–1% annually, faces an urgent need for a stable food supply due to fluctuating potato prices and stock levels linked to unplanned planting. This study aims to identify optimal potato planting patterns and schedules using the Thornthwaite-Mather water balance method, based on monthly rainfall data. The Oldeman climate classification revealed five climate types in Pasuruan: C2, D2, D3, D4, and E, influenced by monsoon patterns affecting soil water availability. Soil moisture levels are suitable for potato planting from January to March, decrease from May to October, and increase again in November. The western region (Pasuruan city) tends to be drier, with a longer dry season. The resulting planting schedule recommendations are as follows: climate type C2 (first planting season: November–February; second planting season: March–June), D2 (first planting season: December–March), D3 (first planting season: January–April), and D4 and E (first planting season: February–May), to support the stability of potato production and food security in Pasuruan on a sustainable basis.

References

Agustin, A. (2022). Analisis Zona Klasifikasi Iklim Oldeman untuk Kesesuaian Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Lampung Timur (Skripsi [Bandar Lampung]: Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung).

Aini, A. N., Intan, P. K., & Ulinnuha, N. (2021). Predikisi Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Bulanan di Pasuruan Menggunakan Metode Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing. JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi), 5(2) 117–122. https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v5i2.9702

Ananta, M. I., Limantara, L. M., & Soetopo, W. (2024). The Impact of Climate Change on Air Temperature in the Rainy and Dry Seasons in East Java, Indonesia: A Case Study of Climate Change in the Wlingi Dam Area. International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 7(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.070202

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2023). Hasil Pencacahan Lengkap Sensus Pertanian 2023 – Tahap I Kabupaten Pasuruan. https://pasuruankab.bps.go.id

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2025a). Produksi Tanaman Sayuran Menurut Kecamatan dan Jenis Tanaman di Kabupaten Pasuruan, 2024. https://pasuruankab.bps.go.id

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2025b). Jumlah Penduduk, Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Distribusi Persentase Penduduk, Kepadatan Penduduk, Rasio Jenis Kelamin Penduduk Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Pasuruan, 2024. https://pasuruankab.bps.go.id

Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi Geofisika [BMKG]. (2010). Atlas Rawan Kekeringan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jakarta: Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika.

Barung, F. M., & Pattipeilohy, W. J. (2020). Neraca Air Lahan dan Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan, Papua Barat pada Tahun 2019. Buletin GAW Bariri, 1(1), 29–36.

Diwa, A. T., Dianawati, M., & Sinaga, A. (2015). Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Kentang. BPTP Jawa Barat: Lembang.

Djazuli, R. A., Noor Rizkiyah, S. P., Laily, D. W., Roidah, I. S., SP, M. M. A., Setiawan, R. F., Fitriana, N. H. I., & Rozci, F. (2025). Manajemen Pemasaran Pertanian. UMG Press.

Fadholi, A., & Supriatin, D. (2016). Sistem Pola Tanam di Wilayah Priangan Berdasakan Klasifikasi Iklim Oldeman. Jurnal Geografi Gea, 12(2), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v12i2.1788

Fadila, N. (2023). Perbandingan Usaha Tani Padi Sawah dengan Berbagai Sumber Irigasi di Kecamatan Manyak Payed Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang (Tesis, [Medan]: Universitas Medan Area). https://repositori.uma.ac.id/handle/123456789/20345

FAO. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Lestantyo, P., & Marandy, Y. S. (2022). Prediksi Waktu Tanam Kentang Sesuai Curah Hujan Menggunakan Analisis Spasial. Experiment: Journal of Science Education, 2(2), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.18860/experiment.v2i2.24971

Lias, S., Amirullah, I., & Laban, S. (2020). The Potential of Water Availability in Maros Watershed using Thornthwaite-Mather water balance method. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 486, 12135. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012135

Maulida, Y. N., Anisarida, A. A., & Hafudiansyah, E. (2022). Kajian Neraca Air Daerah Irigasi Ciherang Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Cendekia, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51988/jtsc.v3i1.47

Oldeman, L. R., & Frere, M. (1982). A Study of The Agrometeorology of The Humid Tropics of South East Asia (WMO Technical Note No. 179; WMO No. 597). World Meteorological Organization.

Park, H. H., Ei, E., & Kuk, Y. I. (2025). Effects of Climate Variation on Spring Potato Growth, Yield, and Quality in South Korea. Agronomy, 15(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010149

Pawitan, H., Irsal, L., Heny, S., Rizaldi, B., Handoko, & Baharsjah, J. S. (1996). Implementasi Pendekatan Strategis dan Taktis Gerakan Hemat Air. Seminar Nasional Pemantapan Gerakan Hemat Air untuk Mengoptimalkan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Air, Jakarta.

Perwitasari, S, N., Situmorang, Y., Asdak, C., & Pithaloka, N. (2025). Water Balance Analysis Using the Thornthwaite-Mather Method as a Basis for Cropping Pattern Development in Dry Land. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 14, 547. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.547-559

Prawaka, F., Zakaria, A., & Tugiono, S. (2016). Analisis Data Curah Hujan yang Hilang dengan Menggunakan Metode Normal Ratio, Inversed Square Distance, dan Rata-rata Aljabar. Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Desain, 4(3), 397–406.

Safitri, U. R., Mahdalena, O., Annisa, N., Aisyah, D., Aini, Q., & Eka, S. (2025). Analisis Tantangan Musiman yang Berdampak pada Ketesediaan Stok Bisnis Durian di Tamansari. Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, 7(1), 31–36.

Shock, C. C., Pereira, A. B., & Eldredge, E. P. (2007). Irrigation best management practices for potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 84(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986296

Sitanggang, W. R., Amaru, K., & Sampurno, R. M. (2022). Analisis Neraca Air Metode Thornthwaite-Mather pada Budidaya Tanaman Jagung Manis Menggunakan Sistem Irigasi dan Mulsa. Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, 4(1), 84–96.

Subardi. (2023, February 22). Atasi Harga Jatuh, Kementan Susun Jadwal Tanam Berbasis Kebutuhan Riil. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. https://hortikultura.pertanian.go.id/atasi-harga-jatuh-kementan-susun-jadwal-tanam-berbasis-kebutuhan-riil/

Sugiyanti, S. (2012). Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Longsorlahan di Kecamatan Tosari Kabupaten Pasuruan Provinsi Jawa Timur (Skripsi, [Surakarta]: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).

Sujalu, A. P., Hidayanto, M., Fiana, Y., & Pulihasih, A. Y. (2019). Analysis of Water Balance to Determine Cropping Patterns of Food Crop in sub-watershed Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara regency. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(1), 214–220.

Sujalu, A. P., Ismail, I., Hardwinarto, S., Boer, C., & Sumaryono, S. (2014). Analysis of water balance for determine cropping patterns for food crops in watershed Karangmumusthe province of East Kalimantan. AgroLife Scientific Journal, 3(2), 68-74.

Sumunar, A. A. K., & Budiman, S. (2021). Proyeksi Ketahanan Pangan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2015-2045 Ditinjau dari Ketersediaan, Kebutuhan, dan Persediaan Beras. Sepa: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 18(1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v18i1.47131

Syaharuddin., Fatmawati., & Suprajitno, H. (2023). Long-Term Forecasting of Crop Water Requirement with BP-RVM Algorithm for Food Security and Harvest Risk Reduction. International Journal of Safety & Security Engineering, 13(3), 565-575. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.130319

Thornthwaite, C. W., & Mather, J. R. (1957). Instructions and Tables for Computing Potential Evapotranspiration and The Water Balance. Drexel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Climatology.

Uspessy, J. F., Laimeheriwa, S., & Patty, J. R. (2020). Penentuan Musim Tanam Berdasarkan Perhitungan Neraca Air Lahan di Daerah Saumlaki, Pulau Yamdena. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian, 16(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.173

Wahyuni, I., Adipraja, P. F. E., & Mahmudy, W. F. (2018). Determining Growing Season of Potatoes Based on Rainfall Prediction Result Using System Dynamics. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 6(2), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeei.v6i2.315

Wei, T. C., & McGuinness, J. L. (1973). Reciprocal Distance Squared, a Computer Technique for Estimating Area Precipitation (Technical Report ARS-NC-8). U.S. Agricultural Research Service, North Central Region.

Yulianti, V., Impron, & Pramudia, A. (2023). The Optimum Planting Time and Cropping Pattern of Potatoes and Other Horticultural Commodities Based on Water Balance in Solok, Indonesia. Agromet, 37(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.37.1.1-11