Pendugaan Kerusakan Geologis pada Pencemaran Air Berdasarkan Profil Mikroinvertebrata di Aliran Sungai Wonosalam

Abstract

Expansion of anthroposphere activities in the Wonosalam River watershed, Jombang, triggers ecological pressure in the form of organic pollution. This study analyzes environmental quality degradation through an environmental approach based on macroinvertebrate biomonitoring using Biotilik and Family Biotic Index across stations 1, 2, and 3. Results show aquatic geological findings that align linearly with land use intensity. The densely vegetated upstream segment serves as a refugia zone for sensitive organisms at 1.8 percent. Conversely, the midstream and downstream areas intersected by agriculture, livestock farming, and settlements experience massive degradation dominated by tolerant taxa Buccinidae and Thiaridae with a Biotilik Index of 1.83, indicating moderate pollution. Geologically, the biosphere dynamics of this river are driven by spatial connectivity between anthropogenic activities and declining environmental carrying capacity. Changes in land use and high levels of anthropogenic waste pressure are directly correlated with the degradation of riverine biological community structures. These research findings underscore the need to limit land-use conversion and implement watershed zoning management based on bioindicator monitoring to ensure the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.